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Zirconium Cerium Comparison

Zirconium
Cerium
Cerium Zirconium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr   
Ce   
Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440677   
23
7440451   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %   
13
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
14
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Moderately Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
30
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
2.70 p.p.m.   
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
795.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
3,257.00 °C   
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
186.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
210.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
2,100.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr   
Ce   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
1.12   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.08   
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
2.88   
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
534.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,949.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,547.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
6,325.00 kJ/mol   
22
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
7,490.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
2.84 eV   
39
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40   
99+
58   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40   
99+
58   
99+
Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
82   
99+
Number of Electrons
40   
99+
58   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
181.80 pm   
12
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
204.00 pm   
8
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
235.00 pm   
17
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
140.12 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
20.67 cm3/mol   
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
41.78 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
362.00 pm   
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
6.77 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
6.55 g/cm3   
38
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
1.04 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
13.50 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
21.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
33.60 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.24   
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
6.77   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
828.00 nΩ·m   
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
26.94 J/mol·K   
23
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
11.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
414.00 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
5.46 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
381.00 kJ/mol   
23
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
72.00 J/mol.K   
12
Summary >>
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