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Zirconium Mercury Comparison

Zirconium
Mercury
Mercury Zirconium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Hg  
Group Number
4  
14
12  
6
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1789  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
121  
23
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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