Mercury vs Scandium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Sc
Group Number
12
6
3
15
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
166.00
6
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
750.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
24
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
Not Available
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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