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Mercury Scandium Comparison

Mercury
Scandium
Scandium Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Sc   
Group Number
12   
6
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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