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Zirconium vs Manganese

Zirconium
Manganese
Manganese vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Mn  
Group Number
4  
14
7  
11
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7439965  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I_ 43m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
217.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1774  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.27 %  
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.11 %  
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,245.00 °C  
37
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
1,962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
196.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
196.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
5,150.00 m/s  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Mn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.55  
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.60  
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.55  
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.75  
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.45  
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.10 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
25  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
25  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
25  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
127.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
54.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
220.00 (-eV)  
2
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
891.25 pm  
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
12
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
40.00 GPa  
19
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
120.00 GPa  
14
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
198.00 GPa  
13
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
7.21  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
12
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,519.00 K  
40
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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