Beryllium vs Cerium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Be
Ce
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
2
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440417
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1797
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %
23
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
19
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
32
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C
36
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C
32
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
White Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa
21
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa
4
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s
2
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
9
29
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57
24
1.12
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81
12
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.08
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54
12
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.58
23
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43
30
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol
7
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4
99+
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
4
99+
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
5
99+
82
99+
Number of Electrons
4
99+
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm
99+
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm
99+
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm
99+
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu
99+
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)
15
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm
99+
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
18
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3
99+
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3
99+
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
19
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa
7
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa
13
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa
7
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03
35
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.85
99+
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K
6
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol
30
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol
30
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol
30
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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