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Beryllium vs Calcium

Beryllium
Calcium
Calcium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Ca   
Group Number
2   
16
2   
16
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
s block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
170.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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