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Cobalt Lead Comparison

Cobalt
Lead
Lead Cobalt comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co  
Pb  
Group Number
9  
9
14  
4
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440484  
38
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt  
-  
Discovery
In 1732  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %  
10
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C  
29
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C  
35
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa  
31
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa  
18
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s  
18
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
16
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt  
-  
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Co  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88  
13
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56  
1
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70  
6
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.88  
14
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.84  
13
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12  
99+
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV  
9
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.26  
99+
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00  
1
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
3
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
1,768.00 K  
32
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
Summary >>
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