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Copper Calcium Comparison

Copper
Calcium
Calcium Copper comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Ca  
Group Number
11  
7
2  
16
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Gray  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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