Copper Calcium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
Ca
Group Number
11
7
2
16
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440508
37
7440702
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %
12
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %
12
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
13
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
17
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
9
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
12
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
40
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Copper
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa
38
170.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa
28
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
90.00 %
3
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49
14
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
9
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
22
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV
11
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
29
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
20
99+
Number of Electrons
29
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
99+
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
99+
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
99+
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm
35
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3
27
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
8
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa
15
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa
12
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa
17
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89
34
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Not Available
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
2
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
33
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
29
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
|
||
|
||
|
