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Copper Cerium Comparison

Copper
Cerium
Cerium Copper comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Ce  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440451  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
30
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
2.70 p.p.m.  
14
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
795.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
3,257.00 °C  
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
186.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
210.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
2,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
2.20  
9
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Ce  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
30  
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.12  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
1.12  
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.08  
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.12  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.12  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.88  
11
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,050.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
1,949.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,547.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,325.00 kJ/mol  
37
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,490.00 kJ/mol  
38
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
534.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
24
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,346.00 kJ/mol  
26
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
534.40 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
565.50 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
594.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.74 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
2.84 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
58  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
58  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
58  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
181.80 pm  
14
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
204.00 pm  
8
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
235.00 pm  
21
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
140.12 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
20.67 cm3/mol  
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Lanthanum
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Praseodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
41.78 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
362.00 pm  
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.59  
31
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
6.55 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
270.00 MPa  
17
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
1.04 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
13.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
21.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
33.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.24  
27
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
828.00 nΩ·m  
3
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
26.94 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
11.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
1,071.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
414.00 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
5.46 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
381.00 kJ/mol  
31
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
72.00 J/mol.K  
12
Summary >>
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