Gold Osmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Os
Group Number
11
7
8
10
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440575
31
7440042
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Smithson Tennant
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
3 * 10-7 %
21
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
Not Available
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
3,045.00 °C
3
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
5,027.00 °C
6
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
3,490.00 MPa
1
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Os
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.52
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
840.00 kJ/mol
12
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
4.83 eV
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
76
40
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
76
39
Number of Neutrons
118
23
114
25
Number of Electrons
79
37
76
39
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
133.80 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
190.23 amu
35
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
91.40 (-eV)
12
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
273.44 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
1.58
14
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
22.59 g/cm3
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
20.00 g/cm3
1
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
1,000.00 MPa
4
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
0.00 (Pa)
28
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
222.00 GPa
1
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
462.00 GPa
1
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
22.57
2
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
81.20 nΩ·m
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
87.60 W/m·K
19
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
29.30 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
669.00 kJ/mol
6
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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