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Osmium Gold Comparison

Osmium
Gold
Gold Osmium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Au   
Group Number
8   
10
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1803   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
118   
23
Number of Electrons
76   
39
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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