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Osmium vs Gold

Osmium
Gold
Gold vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Au  
Group Number
8  
10
11  
7
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
-  
Discovery
In 1803  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
118  
24
Number of Electrons
76  
39
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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