Lanthanum Thorium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
La
Th
Group Number
Not Available
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
CAS Number
7439910
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
- If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1838
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
32
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
19
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
29
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
- The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.
24
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C
99+
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C
18
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa
30
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa
26
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s
37
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10
99+
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08
31
1.11
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90
10
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol
99+
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol
22
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol
25
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57
99+
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
57
99+
90
28
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
142
15
Number of Electrons
57
99+
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm
8
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm
6
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm
13
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu
99+
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol
16
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)
99+
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm
28
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
2
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3
99+
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
15
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa
40
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa
99+
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa
99+
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.17
99+
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m
7
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol
23
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
21
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K
99+
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)
32
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol
17
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol
16
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K
23
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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