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Lanthanum vs Thorium

Lanthanum
Thorium
Thorium vs Lanthanum


Periodic Table
Symbol
La   
Th   
Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439910   
99+
7440326   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Lanthanum metal is highly malleable, ductile and sectile.
  • If exposed to air Lanthanum metal oxidizes rapidly.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Discovery
In 1838   
In 1829   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
32
0.05 %   
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
19
0.66 %   
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has no commercial uses, but its alloys are in high demand. Lanthanum and Nickel alloy is used for the hydrogen gas storage.
  • The best-known use for mischmetal alloy of Lanthanum is; as a ‘flints’ for cigarette lighters.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing   
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
In Bone
0.08 p.p.m.   
24
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
920.00 °C   
99+
1,750.00 °C   
17
Boiling Point
3,469.00 °C   
18
4,790.00 °C   
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa   
30
390.00 MPa   
29
Vickers Hardness
360.00 MPa   
26
295.00 MPa   
29
Speed of Sound
2,475.00 m/s   
37
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
La   
Th   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
28   
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.08   
31
1.11   
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
538.10 kJ/mol   
99+
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,067.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,850.30 kJ/mol   
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,819.00 kJ/mol   
22
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
5,940.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.73 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
3.41 eV   
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
57   
99+
90   
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 5d2 6s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Lanthanum.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
57   
99+
90   
28
Number of Neutrons
82   
99+
142   
15
Number of Electrons
57   
99+
90   
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
187.00 pm   
8
179.80 pm   
15
Covalent Radius
207.00 pm   
6
206.00 pm   
7
Van der Waals Radius
240.00 pm   
13
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
138.91 amu   
99+
232.04 amu   
23
Atomic Volume
20.73 cm3/mol   
16
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Barium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Cerium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.71 (-eV)   
99+
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Lattice Constant
377.20 pm   
28
508.42 pm   
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
2
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.16 g/cm3   
99+
11.72 g/cm3   
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.94 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)   
15
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.30 GPa   
40
31.00 GPa   
21
Bulk Modulus
27.90 GPa   
99+
54.00 GPa   
22
Young's Modulus
36.60 GPa   
99+
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.27   
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.17   
99+
11.70   
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
615.00 nΩ·m   
7
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Electron Affinity
48.00 kJ/mol   
23
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
21
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Thermal Conductivity
13.40 W/m·K   
99+
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)   
32
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
399.60 kJ/mol   
17
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.20 kJ/mol   
99+
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
431.00 kJ/mol   
16
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Standard Molar Entropy
56.90 J/mol.K   
23
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
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