Mercury Samarium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Sm
Group Number
12
6
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440199
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-7 %
19
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.00 %
29
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
40
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Slightly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
1,072.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
1,900.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
441.00 MPa
27
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
412.00 MPa
24
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
2,130.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Sm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.17
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.83
14
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
2.70 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
62
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
62
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
88
39
Number of Electrons
80
36
62
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
198.00 pm
13
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
229.00 pm
20
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
150.36 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
19.95 cm3/mol
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
44.80 (-eV)
37
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
362.10 pm
33
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
7.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
7.16 g/cm3
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.94 (Pa)
9
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
19.50 GPa
34
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
37.80 GPa
35
Young's Modulus
Not Available
49.70 GPa
37
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.27
19
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
7.52
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
29.54 J/mol·K
7
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
13.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
8.62 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
69.60 J/mol.K
15
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