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Mercury vs Berkelium

Mercury
Berkelium
Berkelium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Bk   
Group Number
12   
6
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440406   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In 1949   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
986.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,627.00 °C   
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Bk   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
14   
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
2.70   
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
97   
21
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
97   
21
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
150   
11
Number of Electrons
80   
36
97   
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
170.00 pm   
22
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
247.00 amu   
18
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
45.50 (-eV)   
36
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
341.60 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
14.78 g/cm3   
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
14.00   
14
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
Not Available   
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