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Mercury vs Fermium

Mercury
Fermium
Fermium vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Fm  
Group Number
12  
6
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
157  
8
Number of Electrons
80  
36
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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