Osmium Holmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Ho
Group Number
8
10
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440600
29
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
- Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Marc Delafontaine
Discovery
In 1803
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
- Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
1,461.00 °C
30
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,600.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
746.00 MPa
13
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
481.00 MPa
23
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
2,760.00 m/s
30
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Ho
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.23
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.10
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.77
17
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
581.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,140.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,204.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,100.00 kJ/mol
34
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
2.02 g/amp-hr
29
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
67
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
67
99+
Number of Neutrons
114
25
98
34
Number of Electrons
76
39
67
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
Not Available
192.00 pm
17
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
216.00 pm
24
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
164.93 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
18.70 cm3/mol
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
47.90 (-eV)
31
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
357.73 pm
38
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
8.79 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
8.34 g/cm3
26
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
26.30 GPa
28
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
40.20 GPa
32
Young's Modulus
Not Available
64.80 GPa
31
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.23
29
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
8.80
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
814.00 nΩ·m
4
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.16 J/(kg K)
35
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
27.15 J/mol·K
19
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
16.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.20 µm/(m·K)
35
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
241.00 kJ/mol
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
11.76 kJ/mol
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
301.00 kJ/mol
36
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
75.30 J/mol.K
8
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