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Osmium vs Gadolinium

Osmium
Gadolinium
Gadolinium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Gd   
Group Number
8   
10
0   
18
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440542   
33
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
In 1803   
In 1880   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
30
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
1,311.00 °C   
35
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,233.00 °C   
25
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
510.00 MPa   
22
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Gd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.20   
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.80   
15
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
64   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
64   
99+
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
93   
37
Number of Electrons
76   
39
64   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
196.00 pm   
14
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
237.00 pm   
15
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Europium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Terbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
46.10 (-eV)   
34
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
363.60 pm   
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
1.59   
9
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
7.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
7.40 g/cm3   
31
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
7.39 (Pa)   
9
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
21.80 GPa   
33
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
37.90 GPa   
34
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
54.80 GPa   
35
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.26   
23
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
7.90   
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
37.03 J/mol·K   
2
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
10.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
359.40 kJ/mol   
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
10.05 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
352.00 kJ/mol   
27
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
68.10 J/mol.K   
16
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