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Osmium vs Plutonium

Osmium
Plutonium
Plutonium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os   
Pu   
Group Number
8   
10
0   
18
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440042   
99+
7440075   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P121/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
11.00   
13
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Discovery
In 1803   
In Between 1940 1941   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %   
21
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
28
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C   
3
639.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C   
6
3,235.00 °C   
24
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os   
Pu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.28   
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52   
12
1.22   
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.72   
21
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol   
12
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr   
38
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV   
8
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76   
40
94   
24
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2   
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76   
39
94   
24
Number of Neutrons
114   
25
150   
11
Number of Electrons
76   
39
94   
24
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm   
99+
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm   
24
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu   
35
244.00 amu   
19
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol   
99+
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Neptunium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Americium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)   
12
64.90 (-eV)   
21
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm   
99+
618.30 pm   
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58   
14
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3   
9
19.82 g/cm3   
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3   
1
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
28
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa   
1
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa   
1
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
96.00 GPa   
21
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57   
2
19.84   
7
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m   
35
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω   
18
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K   
99+
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K   
19
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)   
99+
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol   
7
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol   
4
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol   
6
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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