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Platinum vs Bismuth

Platinum
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Bi   
Group Number
10   
8
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
Not Available   
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
126   
18
Number of Electrons
78   
38
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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