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Properties of Chromium and Cadmium

Chromium
Cadmium
Properties of Cadmium & Chromium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C   
14
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C   
39
765.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
8.50   
1
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa   
16
203.00 MPa   
39
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s   
5
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cr   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66   
18
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66   
14
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56   
10
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34   
36
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV   
14
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3   
40
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa   
7
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa   
9
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa   
11
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa   
8
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cr   
Cd   
Group Number
6   
12
12   
6
Period Number
4   
5   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
24   
99+
48   
99+
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)   
4
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
24   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
28   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
24   
99+
48   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
158.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm   
99+
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.89   
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Manganese
  
Indium
  
Previous Element
Vanadium
  
Silver
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Electrical Property
NA   
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.19   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
?
Antiferromagnetic metals denote or exhibit a form of magnetism characterized by an anti-parallel alignment of adjacent electron spins in a crystal lattice.Antiferromagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K   
17
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
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