Properties of Gadolinium and Vanadium
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
  
35
1,890.00 °C
  
13
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C
  
25
3,380.00 °C
  
20
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
4,560.00 m/s
  
17
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Gd
  
V
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol
  
35
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
0.38 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
6.00 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3
  
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Gd
  
V
  
Period Number
6
  
4
  
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
8.78 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
120.00 (-eV)
  
6
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m
  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
35
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
50.60 kJ/mol
  
20
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
0.49 J/(kg K)
  
10
Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
30.70 W/m·K
  
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
24.89 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
8.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16
28.90 J/mol.K
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
458.60 kJ/mol
  
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
17.57 kJ/mol
  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27
514.60 kJ/mol
  
13