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Properties of Gallium and Einsteinium

Gallium
Einsteinium
Properties of Einsteinium & Gallium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
860.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
996.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Es   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.54   
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
619.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,334.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
4.74 g/amp-hr   
5
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
8.84 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Es   
Group Number
13   
5
Not Available   
Period Number
4   
7   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
99   
19
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
252.00 amu   
16
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Rn] 5f11 7s2   
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Not Available   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
99   
19
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
99   
19
Crystal Structure
?
Orthorhombic lattices occur due to stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal sides. It gets result in a rectangular prism with a rectangular at base. These 3 bases intersect each other at 90°.Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Fermium
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Californium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Electrical Property
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
Unknown   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
Not Available   
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