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Properties of Gold and Protactinium

Gold
Protactinium
Properties of Protactinium & Gold


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C   
99+
1,568.00 °C   
21
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C   
36
4,027.00 °C   
12
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
95.00 %   
2
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au   
Pa   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54   
1
1.50   
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.14   
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.92   
5
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46   
99+
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV   
4
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3   
15
15.37 g/cm3   
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa   
27
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable   
Unknown   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au   
Pa   
Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79   
37
91   
27
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu   
33
231.04 amu   
24
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
92.00 (-eV)   
11
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79   
37
91   
27
Number of Neutrons
118   
23
122   
21
Number of Electrons
79   
37
91   
27
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
The tetragonal crystal structure occur as a result of stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors due to which cube becomes a rectangular prism with a square shape at base.Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
163.00 pm   
25
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm   
40
200.00 pm   
11
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm   
39
243.00 pm   
11
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm   
21
392.50 pm   
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61   
4
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Uranium
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Thorium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32   
8
15.37   
12
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K   
3
47.00 W/m·K   
32
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Not Available   
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