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Properties of Lead and Aluminium


Properties of Aluminium & Lead


Physical Properties

Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
660.37 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
2,467.00 °C   
99+

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.75   
13

Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
160.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
160.00 MPa   
35

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
71.00 %   
10

Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
5,000.00 m/s   
10

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pb   
Al   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
35   
4
11   
27

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.61   
22

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
1.71   
13

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.47   
14

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
1.83   
8

Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.61   
20

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.39   
32

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
577.50 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,816.70 kJ/mol   
19

3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
2,744.80 kJ/mol   
38

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
0.34 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.28 eV   
19

Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes
  
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
2.70 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
2.38 g/cm3   
99+

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
0.00 (Pa)   
18

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
40.00 MPa   
19

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
26.00 GPa   
29

Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
76.00 GPa   
18

Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
70.00 GPa   
28

Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.35   
9

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Pb   
Al   

Group Number
14   
4
13   
5

Period Number
6   
3   

Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  

Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
82   
34
13   
99+

Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
26.98 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
10.00 cm3/mol   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Ne] 3s2 3p1   

Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
80.70 (-eV)   
17

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
82   
34
13   
99+

Number of Neutrons
125   
19
14   
99+

Number of Electrons
82   
34
13   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
143.00 pm   
37

Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
121.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
184.00 pm   
34

Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
404.95 pm   
22

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Bismuth
  
Potassium
  

Previous Element
Thallium
  
Magnesium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
28.20 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.38 106/cm Ω   
4

Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
42.50 kJ/mol   
26

Electrical Property
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor
  
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
2.72   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
4

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
3

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.90 J/(kg K)   
5

Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
237.00 W/m·K   
4

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
24.20 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
23.10 µm/(m·K)   
17

Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
28.30 J/mol.K   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
293.70 kJ/mol   
31

Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
10.67 kJ/mol   
35

Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
322.20 kJ/mol   
31

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