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Properties of Nickel and Cobalt

Nickel
Cobalt
Properties of Cobalt & Nickel


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C   
31
1,495.00 °C   
29
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C   
38
2,870.00 °C   
34
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00   
10
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa   
18
470.00 MPa   
26
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa   
16
1,043.00 MPa   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
72.00 %   
9
67.00 %   
11
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s   
12
4,720.00 m/s   
14
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
?
It forms above 417 °C simple cubic (metallic)Α-Cobalt   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
?
It forms below 417 °C hexagonal close packed (hcp) (metallic)Β-Cobalt   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ni   
Co   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91   
10
1.88   
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94   
10
2.56   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.70   
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.88   
6
1.84   
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09   
99+
2.12   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
760.40 kJ/mol   
19
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV   
2
5.00 eV   
5
Other Chemical Properties
?
Anti-corrosion metals have the protection on their surfaces which protect them from corroding in corrosive environments.Anti Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
4.51 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3   
29
4.11 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)   
6
0.98 (Pa)   
14
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa   
11
434.00 MPa   
9
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa   
12
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa   
11
116.00 GPa   
18
Poisson Ratio
0.31   
13
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni   
Co   
Group Number
10   
8
9   
9
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
?
The d-block is on the middle of the periodic table and includes elements from columns 3 through 12. These elements are also known as the transition metals because they show a transitivity in their properties i.e. they show a trend in their properties.d block   
Element Family
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
?
What is Transition Metal? All transition metals are placed under the d-block from group number 3 to 12. Transition metals show characteristics like malleability, ductility and are good conductor of electricity.Transition Metal   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
28   
99+
22   
99+
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
95.20 (-eV)   
10
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28   
99+
22   
99+
Number of Neutrons
31   
99+
26   
99+
Number of Electrons
28   
99+
22   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
147.00 pm   
34
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
30
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
200.00 pm   
28
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Nickel
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Iron
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
420.00 nΩ·m   
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
7.60 kJ/mol   
37
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Poor conductor metals have moderate resistance to electric currents. They can conduct electric current through them with very low efficiency.Poor Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90   
33
4,500.00   
1
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
2
Not Available   
Susceptibility
600.00   
2
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K   
18
21.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
All >>
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