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Properties of Polonium and Tin


Tin
Properties of Tin & Polonium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
254.00 °C   
99+
231.90 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
962.00 °C   
99+
2,270.00 °C   
99+

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
50.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,730.00 m/s   
32

Allotropes
Yes   
Yes   

α Allotropes
?
simple cubic (metallic)Α-Polonium
  
Grey Tin (Alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   

β Allotropes
?
rhombohedral (metallic)Β-Polonium
  
White Tin (Beta Tin)   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (Gamma Tin)   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Po   
Sn   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
29   
10
35   
4

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.96   
8

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
15

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76   
2
1.72   
4

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48   
1
2.21   
3

Allen Electronegativity
2.19   
2
1.82   
11

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.04   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
708.60 kJ/mol   
33

2nd Energy Level
Not Available   
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.42 eV   
16

Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
7.37 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3   
19
6.99 g/cm3   
34

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
58.00 GPa   
20

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.36   
8

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Malleability of metals defines their ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.Malleable
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Po   
Sn   

Group Number
16   
2
14   
4

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  

Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
84   
32
50   
99+

Atomic Weight
209.00 amu   
28
118.71 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
16.30 cm3/mol   
32

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   

Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
83.50 (-eV)   
14

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
84   
32
50   
99+

Number of Neutrons
125   
19
69   
99+

Number of Electrons
84   
32
50   
99+

Crystal Structure
?
The mono-clinic crystal structure is one of the seven lattice point groups. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths. Here vectors of crystal have unequal lengths and have two vectors perpendicular to the 3rd oneMonoclinic (MON)
  
?
The tetragonal crystal structure occur as a result of stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors due to which cube becomes a rectangular prism with a square shape at base.Tetragonal (TETR)
  

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
168.00 pm   
23
140.00 pm   
38

Covalent Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm   
29
217.00 pm   
23

Lattice Constant
335.90 pm   
99+
583.18 pm   
7

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Francium
  
Cesium
  

Previous Element
Bismuth
  
Indium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
115.00 nΩ·m   
28

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23

Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
107.30 kJ/mol   
8

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
9.32   
31
7.31   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
?
Nonmagnetic metals are non magnetic in nature and do not show or exhibit any magnetic properties.Nonmagnetic
  
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28

Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
66.80 W/m·K   
25

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
27.11 J/mol·K   
20

Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
51.20 J/mol.K   
29

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
290.40 kJ/mol   
32

Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
301.30 kJ/mol   
35

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