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Properties of Thallium and Bismuth

Thallium
Bismuth
Properties of Bismuth & Thallium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
303.50 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s   
99+
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tl   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
32   
7
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.62   
21
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25   
5
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96   
6
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.79   
13
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.38   
33
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
3.84 eV   
28
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3   
31
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3   
13
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa   
99+
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa   
28
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa   
99+
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.45   
2
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tl   
Bi   
Group Number
13   
5
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block   
Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
81   
35
83   
33
Atomic Weight
204.38 amu   
31
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
81   
35
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
123   
20
126   
18
Number of Electrons
81   
35
83   
33
Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
?
Rhombohedral crystal lattice structure comes under trigonal crystal structure. The Rhombohedral crystal structure is a term associated trigonal crystal structure with the rhombohedral lattice.Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm   
30
207.00 pm   
26
Lattice Constant
345.66 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
6
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Lead
  
Polonium
  
Previous Element
Mercury
  
Lead
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
?
Semiconductor metals have conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator.Semiconductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.85   
22
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K   
33
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
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