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Properties of Thallium and Einsteinium


Properties of Einsteinium & Thallium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
303.50 °C   
99+
860.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C   
99+
996.00 °C   
99+

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa   
99+
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Tl   
Es   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
32   
7
16   
23

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.62   
21
1.54   
26

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.25   
5
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.20   
27

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.96   
6
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.79   
13
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.38   
33
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol   
99+
619.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol   
14
1,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol   
32
2,334.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr   
2
4.74 g/amp-hr   
5

Electron Work Function
3.84 eV   
28
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent.Solubility
  
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3   
31
8.84 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3   
13
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)   
5
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa   
28
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.45   
2
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile, 
?
Sectility is the ability to be cut into pieces. Metals and paper are sectile.Sectile
  
NA   

Periodic Table

Symbol
Tl   
Es   

Group Number
13   
5
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
7   

Block
?
The p-block is on the right side of the periodic table and includes elements from the six columns beginning with column 13 and ending with column 18. Helium, though being in the top of group 18, is not included in the p-block.p block
  
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  

Element Family
?
All post transition metals are placed in group number 13, 14 and 15 of periodic table. In fact, they are located between Transition Metals and Metalloids. Post transition metals have very poor mechanical properties.Post-​Transition
  
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
81   
35
99   
19

Atomic Weight
204.38 amu   
31
252.00 amu   
16

Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol   
31
Not Available   

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1   
[Rn] 5f11 7s2   

Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
81   
35
99   
19

Number of Neutrons
123   
20
153   
9

Number of Electrons
81   
35
99   
19

Crystal Structure
?
The hexagonal crystal system consists of the 7 point groups such that all their space groups have the hexagonal lattice as underlying lattice. The hexagonal crystal family consists of the 12 point groups such that at least one of their space groups has theHexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
186.00 pm   
9

Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm   
30
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
345.66 pm   
99+
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60   
6
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Lead
  
Fermium
  

Previous Element
Mercury
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω   
32
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol   
32
Not Available   

Electrical Property
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor
  
Unknown   

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
11.85   
22
Not Available   

Magnetic Ordering
?
Diamagnetic metals produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied magnetic field. Thus, they are repelled by magnets and show magnetic nature.Diamagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K   
33
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)   
12
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K   
19
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

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