Properties of Thallium and Thulium
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
  
23
Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C
  
99+
1,730.00 °C
  
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s
  
99+
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Tl
  
Tm
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol
  
14
1,160.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol
  
32
2,285.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr
  
2
2.10 g/amp-hr
  
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm3
  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm3
  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Tl
  
Tm
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
6
  
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol
  
31
18.10 cm3/mol
  
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
  
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)
  
99+
49.70 (-eV)
  
28
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω
  
32
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol
  
32
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
0.16 J/(kg K)
  
35
Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K
  
33
16.90 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
  
29
27.03 J/mol·K
  
22
Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)
  
12
13.30 µm/(m·K)
  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K
  
19
74.00 J/mol.K
  
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
191.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol
  
99+
16.80 kJ/mol
  
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
247.00 kJ/mol
  
99+