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Properties of Thorium and Rubidium

Thorium
Rubidium
Properties of Rubidium & Thorium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
688.00 °C   
99+
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Rb   
Group Number
0   
18
1   
17
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The s-block is on the left side of the periodic table that includes elements from the first two columns, the alkali metals (group 1) and alkaline earth metals (group 2), plus helium.s block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide   
?
All alkali metals are placed under group number 1 and s-block of periodic table. These metals are highly reactive and are found in ores of other metals and minerals. Alkali metals can be easily distinguished from others as these metals have only 1 electronAlkali   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
37   
99+
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Kr] 5s1   
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
90   
28
37   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
BCC is a basis type of cubic crystal structure. In crystallography, the cubic crystals structure is a crystal system where the unit cell has a cube shaped structure. This is one of the simplest crystal structure found in crystals of metal.Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
303.00 pm   
3
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Strontium
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Gallium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Electrical Property
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor   
?
Conductor metals have very low resistance to electric currents. They can easily conduct electric current through them.Conductor   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
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