Properties of Thulium and Ruthenium
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
  
23
Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C
  
99+
3,900.00 °C
  
14
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
  
3
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
5,970.00 m/s
  
4
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Tm
  
Ru
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol
  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
710.22 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol
  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
  
26
1.26 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
  
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Tm
  
Ru
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
6
  
5
  
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
  
99+
101.07 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol
  
28
8.30 cm3/mol
  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)
  
28
64.00 (-eV)
  
22
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
  
16
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
101.30 kJ/mol
  
10
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)
  
35
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
24
Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K
  
99+
117.00 W/m·K
  
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K
  
22
24.06 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)
  
29
6.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K
  
9
28.50 J/mol.K
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
567.80 kJ/mol
  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol
  
17
25.50 kJ/mol
  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
603.00 kJ/mol
  
9