Radium Thorium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Th
Group Number
2
16
0
18
Period Number
7
7
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Actinide
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1898
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
90
28
Number of Neutrons
138
16
142
15
Number of Electrons
88
30
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
11.72 g/cm3
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Superconductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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