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Radium vs Thorium

Radium
Thorium
Thorium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Th  
Group Number
2  
16
0  
18
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available  
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1829  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
20
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
Not Available  
0.02 p.p.m.  
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
1,750.00 °C  
17
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
4,790.00 °C  
8
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
3.00  
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
390.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
295.00 MPa  
29
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
2,490.00 m/s  
36
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Th  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
28  
11
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.30  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
38
1.11  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
20
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
2.16 g/amp-hr  
24
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
3.41 eV  
32
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88  
30
90  
28
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
90  
28
Number of Neutrons
138  
16
142  
15
Number of Electrons
88  
30
90  
28
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available  
179.80 pm  
15
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
206.00 pm  
7
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
4
237.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
232.04 amu  
23
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
4
19.90 cm3/mol  
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Actinium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Protactinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
59.30 (-eV)  
23
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
13
508.42 pm  
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
11.72 g/cm3  
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
31.00 GPa  
21
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
54.00 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.27  
20
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
11.70  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.07 106/cm Ω  
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available  
26.23 J/mol·K  
30
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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