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Rhodium Bismuth Comparison

Rhodium
Bismuth
Bismuth Rhodium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Bi  
Group Number
9  
9
15  
3
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
Summary >>
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