Rubidium Scandium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb
Sc
Group Number
1
17
3
15
Period Number
5
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440177
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1861
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %
17
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
18
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3
7
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.
13
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C
99+
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
688.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.30
24
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa
99+
750.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82
99+
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31
32
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89
40
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69
24
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.71
99+
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18
3
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol
99+
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol
6
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol
11
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol
18
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol
19
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol
20
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol
20
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol
17
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol
18
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol
6
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr
14
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV
99+
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
37
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
48
99+
24
99+
Number of Electrons
37
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm
2
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm
4
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm
3
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol
2
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)
99+
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm
10
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3
99+
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3
99+
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa
99+
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa
99+
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.53
99+
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m
26
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
24
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol
24
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)
17
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K
5
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K
26
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K
4
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)
2
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol
99+
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol
99+
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol
99+
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K
5
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
