Symbol
Ag
Rf
Group Number
114
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
57
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
744022453850365
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
-
Space Group Number
225.00166.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
-
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1964
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %-
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %-
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
-
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
961.93 °C2,100.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C5,500.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
-
Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50-
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa1,300.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa550.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s6,100.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
0.161.30
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
97.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Ag
Rf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
3613
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.930.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.831.90
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.421.30
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.471.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.870.90
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.072.20
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol2,296.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,790.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol11,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol58,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol579.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol5,800.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol579.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol580.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr3.00 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV6.00 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
47104
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
47104
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
61157
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
47104
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm150.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm157.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm250.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu267.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol23.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)6.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm-
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.60
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa23.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa23.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa0.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa12.80 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.370.30
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.5023.00
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
-
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
-
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m0.29 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω0.00 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K23.20 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K0.23 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K2,400.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)23.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol-
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol580.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K57.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻