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Sodium Lead Comparison

Sodium
Lead
Lead Sodium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
-  
Pb  
Group Number
1  
17
14  
4
Period Number
3  
6  
Block
s block  
p block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440235  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
-  
Discovery
In 1807  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
7
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
6
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %  
6
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %  
5
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %  
4
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
97.72 °C  
99+
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
883.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.50  
24
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.69 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s  
35
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
53.00 %  
28
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
-  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93  
99+
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56  
99+
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01  
36
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91  
99+
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.87  
99+
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07  
6
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV  
99+
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
11  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
11  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
12  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
11  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm  
29
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm  
26
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Magnesium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm  
22
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.01  
99+
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
10.00 MPa  
99+
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
5
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa  
99+
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa  
99+
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa  
99+
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.97  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K  
11
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K  
10
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
Summary >>
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