Sodium vs Lead
Periodic Table
Symbol
Na
Pb
Group Number
1
17
14
4
Period Number
3
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440235
99+
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Unknown
Discovery
In 1807
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %
6
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %
6
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %
6
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %
5
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %
1
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %
3
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
883.00 °C
99+
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.50
22
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa
99+
38.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
24
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93
99+
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56
30
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01
35
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91
21
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.87
99+
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07
6
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV
40
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11
99+
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
11
99+
82
34
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
125
19
Number of Electrons
11
99+
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm
27
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm
21
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu
99+
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
10
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
99+
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm
19
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
99+
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.64 (Pa)
7
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa
99+
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa
99+
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa
99+
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.97
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
19
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
10
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
11
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K
2
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
28
64.80 J/mol.K
17
|
||
|
||
|
|
||
|
||
|