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Titanium Palladium Comparison

Titanium
Palladium
Palladium Titanium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti  
Pd  
Group Number
4  
14
10  
8
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1791  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.57 %  
2
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.60 p.p.m.  
21
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C  
18
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C  
23
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray-White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa  
16
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa  
21
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s  
13
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
56.00 %  
26
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ti  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
23  
16
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09  
39
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32  
24
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54  
24
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.38  
36
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46  
28
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
4
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
30
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
31
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
37
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
38
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol  
34
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
24
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
22  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
32
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Scandium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Vanadium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
30
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
10
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
20
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.51  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
1,941.00 K  
21
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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