Titanium vs Palladium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti
Pd
Group Number
4
14
10
8
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1791
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %
11
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %
7
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C
18
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C
22
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray-White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa
15
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa
14
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s
9
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.72
1
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ti
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
23
16
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54
26
2.20
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09
20
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32
23
1.35
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.38
32
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46
28
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol
39
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
Not Available
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV
17
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22
99+
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
22
99+
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
26
99+
60
99+
Number of Electrons
22
99+
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
34
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
10
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
99+
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
99+
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
14
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
18
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
0.32
12
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.51
99+
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
12
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
37
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
99+
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
15
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
15
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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