Titanium vs Calcium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ti
Ca
Group Number
4
14
2
16
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1791
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %
11
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %
7
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
Not Available
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,660.00 °C
18
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,287.00 °C
22
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray-White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
716.00 MPa
15
170.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
830.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s
9
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ti
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
23
16
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54
26
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.09
20
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.32
23
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.38
32
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.46
28
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.80 kJ/mol
39
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
19th Energy Level
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
20th Energy Level
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV
17
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
22
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
26
99+
20
99+
Number of Electrons
22
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
34
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
10
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
99+
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
14
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
18
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.32
12
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.51
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
12
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
37
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
99+
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
15
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
15
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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