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Vanadium Lead Comparison


Lead Vanadium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
V   
Pb   

Group Number
5   
13
14   
4

Period Number
4   
6   

Block
d block   
p block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440622   
27
7439921   
99+

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  

Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Unknown   

Discovery
In 1801   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %   
10
1 * 10-6 %   
16

Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %   
13
~0.000001 %   
18

Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %   
14
0.00 %   
23

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %   
12
0.00 %   
26

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
14
0.00 %   
22

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
8

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
30.00 p.p.m.   
10

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,890.00 °C   
13
327.50 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C   
20
1,740.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Blue-Silver Grey   
Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.70   
4
1.50   
18

Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa   
20
38.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa   
17
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s   
17
1,190.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
61.00 %   
14
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
V   
Pb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
22   
17
35   
4

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.63   
20
1.87   
13

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39   
17
2.29   
4

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.55   
11

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.41   
2

Allen Electronegativity
1.53   
26
1.85   
8

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.37   
34
1.67   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
715.60 kJ/mol   
31

2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23

4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35

5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20

6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9

Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
4.25 eV   
21

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
23   
99+
82   
34

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
23   
99+
82   
34

Number of Neutrons
28   
99+
125   
19

Number of Electrons
23   
99+
82   
34

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
175.00 pm   
19

Covalent Radius
153.00 pm   
33
146.00 pm   
38

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
202.00 pm   
27

Atomic Weight
50.94 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30

Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
18.17 cm3/mol   
27

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Titanium
  
Thallium
  

Next Element
Chromium
  
Bismuth
  

Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)   
6
24.20 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
303.00 pm   
99+
495.08 pm   
16

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
10.66 g/cm3   
15

Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa   
6
12.00 MPa   
20

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.64 (Pa)   
7

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa   
16
5.60 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa   
11
46.00 GPa   
24

Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa   
15
16.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.44   
3

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
5.96   
99+
11.35   
25

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Poor Conductor   

Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
208.00 nΩ·m   
16

Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36

Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
35.10 kJ/mol   
28

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
26.65 J/mol·K   
26

Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K   
39
35.30 W/m·K   
38

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
64.80 J/mol.K   
17

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