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Vanadium vs Lead

Vanadium
Lead
Lead vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Pb  
Group Number
5  
13
14  
4
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
-  
Discovery
In 1801  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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