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Zirconium Gold Comparison


Gold Zirconium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Zr   
Au   

Group Number
4   
14
11   
7

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440677   
23
7440575   
31

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Unknown   

Discovery
In 1789   
Before 6000 BCE   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %   
13
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
14
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
21

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
15
0.00 %   
18

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35

In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
0.02 p.p.m.   
30

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
1,064.43 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
2,807.00 °C   
36

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gold   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
194.00 MPa   
99+

Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
216.00 MPa   
31

Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
2,030.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Zr   
Au   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
24   
15
36   
3

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
2.54   
1

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.42   
18

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7

Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
1.92   
5

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
1.46   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8

2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12

3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21

Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
5.10 eV   
4

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
40   
99+
79   
37

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
40   
99+
79   
37

Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
118   
23

Number of Electrons
40   
99+
79   
37

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
151.00 pm   
32

Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
144.00 pm   
40

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
166.00 pm   
39

Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33

Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Platinum
  

Next Element
Niobium
  
Mercury
  

Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
43.40 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
1.61   
4

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
19.30 g/cm3   
15

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
17.31 g/cm3   
6

Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
120.00 MPa   
15

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
67.00 (Pa)   
4

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
27.00 GPa   
27

Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
180.00 GPa   
9

Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
79.00 GPa   
24

Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.40   
4

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
19.32   
8

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3

Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
222.80 kJ/mol   
1

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
25.42 J/mol·K   
40

Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
324.40 kJ/mol   
27

Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
12.55 kJ/mol   
27

Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
364.00 kJ/mol   
25

Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
47.40 J/mol.K   
32

Summary >>
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