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Zirconium Gold Comparison

Zirconium
Gold
Gold Zirconium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Au  
Group Number
4  
14
11  
7
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
-  
Discovery
In 1789  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
118  
24
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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