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Zirconium vs Cobalt

Zirconium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Co  
Group Number
4  
14
9  
9
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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