Home
Compare Metals


Zirconium vs Thulium


Thulium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Zr   
Tm   

Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440677   
23
7440304   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
  • Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Per Teodor Cleve   

Discovery
In 1789   
In 1879   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %   
13
1 * 10-8 %   
30

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.00000002 %   
28

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
14
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
  • Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
NA   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
Not Available   

In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
1,545.00 °C   
23

Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
1,730.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
471.00 MPa   
25

Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
520.00 MPa   
21

Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Zr   
Tm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
24   
15
32   
7

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
1.25   
35

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.11   
29

Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
2.75   
19

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
596.70 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33

5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
26

Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
40   
99+
69   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Xe] 4f13 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
40   
99+
69   
99+

Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
100   
32

Number of Electrons
40   
99+
69   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
168.93 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
18.10 cm3/mol   
28

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Erbium
  

Next Element
Niobium
  
Ytterbium
  

Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
49.70 (-eV)   
28

Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
353.75 pm   
40

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
1.57   
17

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
40

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
8.56 g/cm3   
24

Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.06 (Pa)   
10

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
30.50 GPa   
22

Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
44.50 GPa   
26

Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
74.00 GPa   
27

Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.21   
31

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
9.32   
31

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
676.00 nΩ·m   
5

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35

Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
27.03 J/mol·K   
22

Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
16.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.30 µm/(m·K)   
29

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
191.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
16.80 kJ/mol   
17

Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
247.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
74.00 J/mol.K   
9

Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals