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Calcium vs Osmium

Calcium
Osmium
Osmium vs Calcium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ca  
Os  
Group Number
2  
16
8  
10
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440702  
21
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1808  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
4
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
4
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %  
4
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %  
3
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
5
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
1.40 %  
1
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
839.00 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.75  
18
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.54  
35
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ca  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19  
20
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04  
35
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.03  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00  
9
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV  
99+
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
20  
99+
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
20  
99+
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
114  
26
Number of Electrons
20  
99+
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm  
8
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm  
24
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm  
23
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu  
99+
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Potassium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Scandium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm  
10
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.55  
99+
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
20.00 MPa  
99+
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
6
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)  
3
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa  
99+
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.58  
99+
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K  
5
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,115.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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